Patristics Carnival is up at Phil’s place.
Greek Scriptures Found in Smyrna?
A passing, tantalizing reference in a summary of recent archeological digs.
Terracotta Da Vida, Baby
Adrian Murdoch is looking at the stuff dug up in Bulgaria last year, including “terracotta icons dating to the fourth and sixth centuries, with themes from the Old Testament, David’s psalms and images of saints.” He provides images and links, too.
Smarter Than Your Average Hippo?
How smart were St. Augustine’s parishioners? Campus Mawrtius wonders.
Hat tip: David Meadows — and check out his new digs.
The Virtue of Wanderlust
Now that all that New Year’s stuff is behind you, you’re probably getting around to planning your pilgrimages for the year. It’s a practice I’ve heartily recommended, for individuals, families, and friends. If you’re willing to travel within these United States, Happy Catholic has a deal for you. (More on that in the days to come.)
All this faithful tourism has deep roots in the age of the Fathers, and receives fascinating treatment in some recent books.
Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Antiquity: Seeing the Gods includes essays by seventeen scholars, and a little over a third of the book deals with Jewish and Christian notions of pilgrimage. The book breaks Christian pilgrimage down according to a very helpful typology: (1) scriptural pilgrimage; (2) pilgrimage to living saints; (3) relics; and (4) icons and images. (I think I’ve done all four. I’m waiting for magisterial confirmation on number 2.) For Christians, pilgrimage “is not a sacrament, has no doctrine, and unlike the Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an, the New Testament does not make it obligatory.” Yet we’ve always done it, as this book beautifully attests. The patristic quotations and citations are many and generously unabridged. Quite fascinating is the long discussion, late in the book, on pilgrimage as a metaphor for Christian life.
Also very helpful is The Trophies of the Martyrs: An Art Historical Study of Early Christian Silver Reliquaries, by Galit Noga-Banai of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Some of these reliquaries were, of course, the very destination for ancient pilgrims. In addition to the Scriptures and the writings of the Fathers, these reliquaries — the book includes photos of almost a hundred — are material evidence for the very early presence of the cult of the saints and the cult of relics.
Though neither of these books were composed as works of apologetics, they do serve to help Christians make their case.
And the beat goes on. Diana von Glahn’s The Faithful Traveler videos are an excellent way to plan for pilgrimages here on my little continent. Her first installment takes us to Philadelphia’s Miraculous Medal Shrine. Many years ago, I walked many miles on pilgrimage to visit there with my good friend and colleague David Scott.
Which brings us back to Happy Catholic and her pilgrimage, which includes David and me and Chris Bailey and others. Check it out.
Dura-bility
Adrian Murdoch points us to new developments in our understanding of Dura Europos. Apparently, chemical warfare contributed to the ancient town’s demise.
Like Pompeii, Dura is one of those sites suddenly overcome and over-covered. So it preserves precious evidence of third-century life. There is a richly decorated house church — and a lavishly decorated synagogue. Some fascinating Jewish and Christian (and Jewish-Christian) manuscripts turned up as well, including a variant of the Didache and a Gospel harmony. The Wikipedia article links to several good, informative sites. Wikimedia offers good photos.
Father Neuhaus on the Twain Meeting
In June of 2008, Father Neuhaus gave a major address on Orthodox-Catholic dialogue. St. Vladimir’s Seminary has posted the audio.
Richard’s New House
With so many others, I’m mourning the passing of Father Richard Neuhaus. He was a brilliant man, a kind man, a good priest — and a prolific author and stunning stylist. I think I’m fairly typical of a certain sort of Christian when I say that I thrilled to see his magazine, First Things, come in the mail each month — and I turned immediately to the back pages, his long, ranging monthly ramble titled “The Public Square.” I’ve been addicted to my monthly Neuhaus since he wrote the same rambles for Religion and Society Report, back in the 1980s. Even when I disagreed with him, I had to marvel at the loveliness of his prose.
I had only a few contacts with him. We corresponded a bit, and he invited me to his ordination to the Catholic priesthood (I couldn’t make it). He gave me, when I was hardly more than a child, one of my first major publications, a satirical poem titled “I Am the Very Model of a Modern Vicar P’rochial.” He published a short, generous review of a book I co-edited with David Scott, Weapons of the Spirit: Selected Writings of Father John Hugo. And he used my interview with Cardinal Christoph Schonborn to launch an extended and profound reflection on liturgy and beauty. Once I visited his New York offices with David Scott, and we delighted in Father Neuhaus’s hospitality and long conversation.
When I was doing newspaper work, he was a prized source. I could count on him to deliver — as soon as his phone rang — something brief, to the point, and stunningly quotable. We reporters recognized him as the kind of source who made us seem intelligent.
He, of course, did much to promote the study of the Fathers. Among his magazine’s contributors were Robert Louis Wilken, Thomas Weinandy, and so many others I celebrate on this blog.
Down the years, he showed many kindnesses to many of my friends, and for those I am especially grateful. I ask you to join me in prayer for his rest. And read him, please. The First Things blog is posting some of his best work, plus great audio.
(I stole the title of this post from the Wall Street Journal’s coverage of Neuhaus’s conversion to Roman Catholicism, almost twenty years ago. I remember it vividly because he announced his intention at the same time as my then-Lutheran wife. Another headline I clipped, “Notable Lutheran Converts,” still hangs in our bedroom.)
Pop Go the Fathers
Kevin at Biblicalia has posted a very helpful overview of the Popular Patristics Series published by Saint Vladimir’s Seminary Press. I like the series — and I love the price — though some (very few) volumes’ introductions are marred by an anti-Roman edge that’s unnecessary and counter-productive. (This problem does not affect much of the series, which includes the work of outstanding Catholic scholars, including Robert Louis Wilken and Father Brian Daley, S.J.) Kevin gives us a list of the works included in each volume and other useful details.
Bread, Circuses, and Other Consolations
Adrian Murdoch points us to online audio discussions of Boethius’s The Consolation of Philosophy. Well worth the time.
Boethius plays an important role in Adrian’s The Last Roman: Romulus Augustulus and the Decline of the West.
Now That’s Rich
Rich Leonardi reviews my Companion Guide to Pope Benedict’s ‘The Fathers’. He calls it…
a valuable resource that should help popularize the Holy Father’s recent cycle of catecheses on the Fathers of the Church. Mike Aquilina is an expert on this subject, and in the book’s introduction he explains who and what the Fathers are and why we ought to study them. He groups Pope Benedict’s addresses (or “audiences” as they are properly called) into six sessions, with one Father serving as the session “representative.” Within the sessions, which are linked to an era in Church history, each Father is given one or two pages, with a synopsis of the papal address, a list of its main points, and a series of questions for discussion and reflection. All in all, it is a pleasing, well-organized format. This companion guide should prove to be an excellent aid for group or individual study, and my men’s fellowship group will be using it later this year. Also worth noting is the beautiful cover design by Lindsey Luken — the book is more attractive than Our Sunday Visitor’s edition of Pope Benedict’s The Fathers! Highly recommended.
Resolve: Learn Greek in 2009
I’m sorry to say I didn’t take my first stab at learning Greek till I was almost forty. Luckily, I’d had some pretty good schooling in the other dialect, Latin, so it was a relatively painless transition. Rod Whitacre made it so by leading me to some pretty good resources.
But I must say that I longed for a text that would treat Greek the way Sister Herberta treated Latin. She made it unforgettable, ineradicable in our memory. The trend these days, though, is away from form and drilling and toward immersion, which may work for many kids, but not so well for me.
How grateful I am, now, to lay hands on Ann F. Castro’s brand-new Greek For All Ages: An Introduction to New Testament Greek. It’s a clear, concisely written book that actually lays out the rules so that they’re easily committed to memory.
Greek For All Ages reminds me so much of Sister Herberta’s teaching — spare, essential, memorable, no gimmicks, no nonsense. This book will work well for teens or adult learners. I plan to use it with my pre-teen Latin scholar next year.
This is a great gateway drug to reading the Fathers in their original Koine. Next step, of course, is Rod Whitacre’s A Patristic Greek Reader. Make your resolution now, while the year is young!
If you need still more reasons, visit a good Greek teacher, my other brother Darrell, and view this video.
Driven a Ford Lately?
You scoundrels! How could you?
Through all my whining about the need for good fiction set in the patristic era, not one of you raised a voice to tell me about the novels of Michael Curtis Ford.
Maybe I can be excused because I live in a cave. But can you? These works are out from a major press, and they bear jacket blurbs from the likes of Victor Davis Hanson, James Brady, and even Newt Gingrich.
Just yesterday I finished Gods and Legions: A Novel of the Roman Empire. It’s a fictional treatment of the rise and fall of Julian the Apostate. And — get this — it’s narrated by St. Caesarius of Nazianzus, the brother of St. Gregory (whose feast we celebrate today). Gregory plays a starring role himself, launching the book with a letter to Pope Siricius.
Maybe patristics nerds miss Michael Ford’s works because they’re marketed as military fiction — and this one at least is an excellent example of the genre. I’m sure you’ve often wondered what it was like for Roman cavalry, on horses, to face off against their Persian counterpart, on elephants. Wonder no more. Read Gods and Legions. You’ll feel the fear of riding a panicked mount as it faces a bull elephant in full rush, topped by a tower of archers. I’m relatively ignorant of military terms and tactics, but Ford’s descriptions carried me along without ever bogging down in explanation. That’s no easy feat when a fourth-century narrator is describing siege machines that were quite familiar to terrorized cities back then, but are largely unknown to you and me.
Gods and Legions is military fiction, but theologically well informed. No, that’s an understatement. The theology is so important to the drama of this book that it can hardly be called a subplot. It’s the plot (which I won’t spoil by telling you why), every bit as essential as the battles. The main characters verbally spar over Trinitarian theology and employ eucharistic analogies at least as often as I do, and they invoke all your faves, from Irenaeus through Athanasius.
This book is an excellent companion to Adrian Murdoch‘s biography The Last Pagan: Julian the Apostate and the Death of the Ancient World, which I reviewed here.
I’m ordering Ford’s The Sword of Attila: A Novel of the Last Years of Rome, looking forward to a glimpse of Leo the Great. I’ll report to you afterward. You order his other novels, and let me know what you think.
Oracles in Excelsis
In the pre-Christmas mail came Oxford University Press’s remarkable new The Sibylline Oracles: With Introduction, Translation, and Commentary on the First and Second Books. It’s a stunning work of scholarship and translation. The Oracles are a compilation. Some are Jewish, some Christian, some Jewish-Christian. Some are pagan and were cited by both Jews and Christians as confirming various prophecies. The Oracles were cited by many of late antiquity’s leading lights — Josephus, Justin Marytr, Augustine.
BMCR was right to call this new volume “monumental.”
Here’s a seasonal Oracle, from the new translation by J.L. Lightfoot:
When the … manless maid the Logos give a name,
Then from the east a star in fullest day
That brightly shines shall from the heavens beam
Announcing a great sign fo rmortal men.
Then great God’s son will come to humankind,Clothed in flesh, in human form on earth…
He will fulfil, and not throw down, God’s law,
Wearing a matching likeness, and will teach.
To him will holy men bring gifts of gold,
And myrrh and incense, for all this he will do.
Score One for Gus
It’s suddenly chic to look at St. Augustine in a positive light. First came Paula Fredriksen’s Augustine and the Jews: A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism. Now the New York Times gives us the news, gleaned from The Complete Lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein II, that Augustine was a little bit of a Show Boat.
It might be noted that while his characters were often simple and uneducated, Hammerstein himself was anything but. He got the idea for “Ol’ Man River” from Tennyson’s “The Brook” (“For men may come and men may go,/But I go on for ever”), and swiped its most famous lines, “Ah’m tired of livin’/An’ skeered of dyin’,” from St. Augustine.
He just keeps rolling along.